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Use report RSCLCCOP to transport user master records, profiles and authorizatons between clients in an R/3 system.

Start RSCLCCOP from the target client which the users and authorizations should be copied.

External commands are predefined commands for end users. They are operating-system independent and are protected by authorizations, so that normal end users can schedule only those commands that the system administrator permits them to.Like ls in unix or dir in windows. Refer to this post for information on how to run a external command

External programs are unrestricted commands that are neither pre-defined nor restricted by authorizations. A user with administrator authorization can enter any of these in a job step. For example , programs like java or other exe files

Difference Between EDI and IDOC

EDI is nothing but Electronic data interchange. SAP will support EDI through Intermediate documents (IDOCS).

EDI (Electronic Document interchange) - EDI is the electronic exchange of business documents between the computer systems of business partners, using a standard format over a communication network.

EDI is also called paperless exchange.

Advantages:
Reduced Data entry errors
Reduced processing time
Availabilty of data in electonic form
Reduced paperwork
Reduced Cost
Reduced inventories and better planning
Standard means of communications
Better business process

EDI has two process
1. Outbound process
2. Inbound process

OP:
1.Application document is created.
2.IDOC is generated
3.IDoc is transferred from SAP to Operating system layer
4.Idoc is converted into EDI standards
5.Edi document is transmitted to the business partner
6.The Edi Subsystem report status to SAP

IP:
1.EDI transmission received
2.EDI document is converted into an IDOC
3.IDOC is transferred to the SAP layer
4.The application document is created
5.The application document can be viewed.

IDOC:
IDOC is a container that can be used to exchange data between any two process.
Each iDoc is assigned a unique number for tracking and future reference.
iDoc Consist of several segments,and segments contain several fields.
iDoc contains the following three type of records...
1.One Control Record.
2.One or many Data Record
3.One or many Status record.

PORT:
Port is used in the outbound process to determine the name of the EDI subsystem program,the directory path where the idoc file will be created at the operating system level,the idoc file names and the rfc desinations.

RFC Destination:
Used to define the characteristics of communication links to a remote system on which a functions needs to be executed.

Partner Profile:
Partner profile specified the various componets used in an outbound process ( Partner number,IDoc type,message type,Port,Process code),the mode in which it communicates with the subsystem(batch or immediate) and the person to be notified in case of errors.

Message Control
Used in pricing,account determination,material determination,and output determination.The message control component enables you to encapsulate business rules with out having to write abap programs.

Process:
Setup RFC destinations SM59
Port Destinations WE21
Partner Profile WE20
Message control NACE
Purchase Order ME21
Check IDOCs WE02,WE05

Explain to me about Idoc?

IDoc (for intermediate document) is a standard data structure for electronic data interchange (EDI) between application programs written for the popular SAP business system or between an SAP application and an external program. IDocs serve as the vehicle for data transfer in SAP's Application Link Enabling (ALE) system.

IDocs are used for asynchronous transactions: Each IDoc generated exists as a self-contained text file that can then be transmitted to the requesting workstation without connecting to the central database.

Another SAP mechanism, the Business Application Programming Interface (BAPI) is used for synchronous transactions.
A large enterprise's networked computing environment is likely to connect many geographically distributed computers to the main database. These computers are likely to use different hardware and/or operating system platforms. An IDoc encapsulates data so that it can be exchanged between different systems without conversion from one format to another.

IDoc types define different categories of data, such as purchase orders or invoices, which may then be broken down into more specific categories called message types. Greater specificity means that an IDoc type is capable of storing only the data required for a particular transaction, which increases efficiency and decreases resource demands.

An IDoc can be generated at any point in a transaction process. For example, during a shipping transaction process, an IDoc may be generated that includes the data fields required to print a shipping manifest. After a user performs an SAP transaction, one or more IDocs are generated in the sending database and passed to the ALE communication layer. The communication
layer performs a Remote Function Call (RFC), using the port definition and RFC destination specified by the customer model.

Keyword: BASIS
Title : Difference between Spool Request & Output Request

SE09 is the transaction code for workbench organizer. Workbench organizer is the set of utilities for development change management. All Development changes are tracked via Workbench organizer.

SE10 is for Customizing organizer. Customizing organizer is the set of tools for customizing change management. All customizing changes are tracked via customizing organizer.

SE01 is the main screen of the Change and transport Organizer. From here the administrator can achieve all tasks related to transport requests - such as create, change, view logs, display client/delivery transports, etc. SE09 and SE10 can also be accessed from here. However, not all developers might be granted access to this transaction.

Unicode is a character encoding system similiar to ASCII. You can see the definiton for Unicode by Unicode consortium below.

Unicode is the universal character encoding, maintained by the Unicode Consortium.
This encoding standard provides the basis for processing, storage and interchange of text data in any language in all modern software and information technology protocols". Unicode covers all the characters for all the writing systems of the world, modern and ancient. It also includes technical symbols, punctuations, and many other characters used in writing text.

The Unicode Standard is intended to support the needs of all types of users, whether in business or academia, using mainstream or minority scripts.

Most of the SAP implementations are done on Unicode system as it support all kind of languages, which is good for a company to expend their business. Another things is Unicode system requires 70% more storage area and processing speed to run the system perfactly.

There are systems like XI, which can work only on Unicode so it is always advisible to go for unicode then to non-unicode.

Keyword: BASIS
Title : Difference between CMS and CTS

Keyword: BASIS
Title : Copying Tables Entries Between Two Different Systems

A “SAP lock” is named “enqueue lock”, the enqueue is on a much higher level, e. g. a complete sales document is locked there whereas in the datbase usually only row locks exist.

Role and profile go hand in hand. Profile is bought in by a role. Role is used as a template, where you can add T-codes, reports, URL's.

Profile is one which gives the user authorization. When you create a role, a profile is automatically created.

Definition of SAP_NEW:-

SAP_NEW is a SAP standard Profile which is usually assigned to system users temporarily during an upgrade to ensure that the activities and operations of SAP users is not hindered, during the Upgrade. It contains all the necessary objects and transactions for the users to continue their work during the upgrade. It should be withdrawn once all upgrade activities is completed, and replaced with the now modified Roles as it has extensive authorizations than required.

Definition of SAP_ALL:-

SAP_ALL is a SAP standard profile, which is used on need basis, to resolve particular issues which may arise during the usage of SAP. It is used by Administrators/Developers only and is applied on a need to use basis, then withdrawn. It contains all SAP system objects and Transactions. SAP_ALL is very critical and only SAP* contains SAP_ALL attached to it in the production system. No other dialog users have SAP_ALL attached to them.

SAP_NEW is used in the Production environment during a version upgrade whereas SAP_ALL shouldn't be or not allowed be used in Production (for audit purposes obviously), except where necessary, in a controlled manner with all proper approvals from the customer.

Keyword: BASIS
Title : Communication Between tp and ABAP

Keyword: BASIS
Title : TMS : Transports Between Systems : Setup & Maintenance Phases

Use

Occasionally, data from a second applicant activity is needed for use in a letter, mail, or for data transfer to Personnel Administration. The system includes this data automatically in the text if there is a reference between the activity requiring the additional data and that from which the data is to be accessed.

Reference activities can be created in the following ways:

• You can define a reference activity between two existing applicant activities. For more information, see
Create/change/delete reference activity for an applicant activity.
• You can also create a reference activity when you are creating follow-on activities for an existing applicant activity. This option is normally preferable since it only involves one additional step. For more information, see
Create follow-up activities for an applicant activity.